{"id":103687,"date":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-10T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docosan-blog.local\/blog\/uncategorized\/vi-khuan-lao\/"},"modified":"2023-08-11T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T00:00:00","slug":"vi-khuan-lao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.docosan.com\/blog\/truyen-nhiem\/vi-khuan-lao\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi khu\u1ea9n lao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi b\u00e1c s\u0129 Robert Koch t\u1ea1i Berlin n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1882. Khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh lao \u0111ang t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 kh\u1eafp Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee9 7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh lao. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh Lao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1eady vi khu\u1ea9n lao t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bao l\u00e2u? C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n lao hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng Docosan<\/strong><\/a> nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n lao l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n lao<\/strong> c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/strong> (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 BK: Bacille de Kock) thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Mycobacteriaceae. Vi khu\u1ea9n lao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1eaft m\u00e0u ph\u1ea9m nhu\u1ed9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhu\u1ed9m ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: nhu\u1ed9m carbol – fuchsin (Ziehl – Neelsen, Kinyoun), nhu\u1ed9m hu\u1ef3nh quang (fluorochrome staining).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"vi-khuan-lao\"
H\u00ecnh 1: B\u00e1c s\u0129 Robert Koch <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vi khu\u1ea9n lao, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o vi khu\u1ea9n lao: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • D\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh que<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t hay d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 3\u00b5m \u0111\u1ebfn 5\u00b5m, r\u1ed9ng 0,3\u00b5m \u2013 0,5\u00b5m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng l\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh nha b\u00e0o. \u01afa kh\u00ed tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u1edf 37 \u0111\u1ed9 C, pH 6.7 – 6.9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Th\u1eddi gian sinh s\u1ea3n ch\u1eadm t\u1eeb 15 – 22 ti\u1ebfng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Vi khu\u1ea9n lao c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cao<\/strong>, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Acid, alcol, base v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trong r\u00e1c \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n lao s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 th\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trong d\u1ecbch d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 gi\u1edd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trong \u0111\u00e0m kh\u00f4, tr\u1ef1c khu\u1ea9n lao s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 th\u00e1ng (do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh lao ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng nh\u1ed5 ri\u00eang, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e0m nh\u1ecf bay l\u01a1 l\u1eedng vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong kho\u1ea3ng 8 – 10 ng\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft sau 50 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u1ede 80 \u0111\u1ed9 C, vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ebft sau 10 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n lao<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Vi khu\u1ea9n lao l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt, \u0111\u00e0m, b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh lao,\u2026) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n u\u1ed1ng (u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao, tr\u1ebb em nu\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0m c\u00f3 mang vi khu\u1ea9n lao,…). Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng da b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft m\u1ea1c m\u1eaft c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n lao<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m lao \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia th\u00e0nh 2 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n lao: nhi\u1ec5m lao th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"vi-khuan-lao\"
      H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh vi khu\u1ea9n lao <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Nhi\u1ec5m lao th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n:<\/strong> \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m lao l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 10% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh lao c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m lao th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n vi khu\u1ea9n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t vi khu\u1ea9n lao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5m lao d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n sang m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • B\u1ec7nh lao: <\/strong>b\u1ec7nh di\u1ec5n ra khi vi khu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n vi khu\u1ea9n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        B\u1ec7nh lao x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 suy y\u1ebfu, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 sinh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m vi khu\u1ea9n lao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh lao l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh lao sau khi nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n lao v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Vi khu\u1ea9n lao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cao, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 v\u00e0i n\u0103m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao. Ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • \u1ede nh\u00e0:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m, \u0111i h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ee7 trong ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng ph\u00f2ng \u1edf:<\/strong> Vi tr\u00f9ng lao d\u1ec5 l\u00e2y lan h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1ecf kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra. N\u1ebfu ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, h\u00e3y m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng qu\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Che ch\u1eafn khi ho: <\/strong>D\u00f9ng kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 che mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eaft h\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c ho. Cho kh\u0103n gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea9n v\u00e0o t\u00fai, bu\u1ed9c k\u00edn v\u00e0 v\u1ee9t \u0111i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Mang kh\u1ea9u trang: <\/strong>\u0110eo kh\u1ea9u trang khi \u1edf g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong ba tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          C\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n lao c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh lao \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec7nh lao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt, c\u00e1, tr\u1ee9ng, s\u1eefa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Tr\u00e1nh xa r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Ti\u00eam ng\u1eeba v\u1eafc-xin BCG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
            \"vi-khuan-lao\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

            Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m lao ph\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ed5i Vi\u1ec7t – Q.10<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n