{"id":104929,"date":"2022-04-09T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-09T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docosan-blog.local\/blog\/uncategorized\/xet-nghiem-pcr\/"},"modified":"2023-06-08T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-06-08T00:00:00","slug":"xet-nghiem-pcr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.docosan.com\/blog\/xet-nghiem\/xet-nghiem-pcr\/","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ra sao?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR (Polemerase Chain Reaction) l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t cao trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng\u00a0Doctor c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao DNA d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m uy t\u00edn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e1 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadt t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 PCR c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y khoa. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd th\u00ec PCR l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd do virus ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 SARS-COV-2 hay COVID-19. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 PCR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Virus vi\u00eam gan B, vi\u00eam gan C, virus Dengue g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, HIV, Herpes, CMV, EBV, HPV<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Treponema…<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Lao nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o m\u1ee7 c\u1ee5t \u0111\u1ea7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 (HPV trong b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, gen APC trong ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00e0ng, gen BRCA1 – BRCA2 trong ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa,…).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gen, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gen, gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ADN,…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Quy t\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0110eo kh\u1ea9u trang, m\u0169 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9, k\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdt b\u1eaft,\u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u0103ng tay y t\u1ebf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Trang ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu pcr<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00f9y v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed sang th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • D\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean: d\u1ecbch h\u1ea7u h\u1ecdng, d\u1ecbch s\u00fac h\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch t\u1ef5 h\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • D\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi: \u0111\u00e0m, d\u1ecbch m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, d\u1ecbch trong ph\u1ebf nang ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch h\u00fat t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        M\u1eabu sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. test pcr m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eabu s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. T\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea5y x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in l\u00ean, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh \u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c \u0111i k\u00e8m. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n d\u00e2n khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m virus SARS-CoV-2. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m COVID-19 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kit test nhanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i PCR v\u1eabn l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n COVID-19 cao nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 gen \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ch\u1ee7ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh – \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kit test nhanh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m COVID-19 b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt PCR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 saun\u1eeda ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c 1 ng\u00e0y t\u00f9y v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Test PCR c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch khi m\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 90%. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 v\u1eeba qua ngo\u00e0i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 CT. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t hay d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 “s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng quay” m\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang t\u1eeb m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m. CT c\u00e0ng cao ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p v\u00ec c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u virus th\u00ec t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1edbm \u1edf nh\u1eefng chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – CT nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. CT tr\u00ean 33 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y lan k\u00e9m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        N\u1ebfu \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft Docosan<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1m chuy\u00ean khoa, b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 “l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n