{"id":181197,"date":"2026-10-01T07:43:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T00:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.docosan.com\/blog\/?p=181197"},"modified":"2026-10-01T07:43:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T00:43:12","slug":"tuyen-yen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.docosan.com\/blog\/noi-tiet-tieu-duong\/tuyen-yen\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean<\/b> n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u hormone quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, sinh s\u1ea3n, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a <\/span>DIAB<\/span><\/a> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y n\u00e3o, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u hormone quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i, gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f9y sau. Th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c hormone nh\u01b0 GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH v\u00e0 prolactin; trong khi th\u00f9y sau d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ADH c\u00f9ng oxytocin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn, bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, tinh ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p g\u1ed3m u tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean, suy tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hormon tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"tuy\u1ebfn
Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u hormone quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y n\u00e3o, ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u00eda sau s\u1ed1ng m\u0169i. Tuy\u1ebfn n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u01b0\u1edbm g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed1 y\u00ean (sella turcica), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i qua cu\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hormone \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 giao thoa th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, c\u00f2n hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u v\u00e0 d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n giao thoa th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, u tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn g\u00e2y ch\u00e8n \u00e9p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c. Khi nghi ng\u1edd b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m hormone v\u1edbi ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb (MRI) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"tuy\u1ebfn
Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y n\u00e3o, ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean<\/b><\/h2>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean g\u1ed3m th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f9y gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 th\u00f9y sau, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang. Trong \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f9y sau \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

Th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean, hay adenohypophysis, chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u hormone quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH v\u00e0 prolactin.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c hormone n\u00e0y tham gia \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft s\u1eefa. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch c\u1eeda tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f9y gi\u1eefa tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n

Th\u00f9y gi\u1eefa tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean, hay pars intermedia, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u00f9y sau. \u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u00f9y gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t POMC v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 peptide nh\u01b0 MSH, nh\u01b0ng vai tr\u00f2 sinh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00f9y sau tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

Th\u00f9y sau tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean, hay neurohypophysis, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m m\u00f4 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ADH v\u00e0 oxytocin m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hai hormone n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u00e1u. ADH gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n oxytocin tham gia co b\u00f3p t\u1eed cung khi chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa sau sinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"c\u1ea5u
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 th\u00f9y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 sau<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c hormone t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p, tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn, c\u01a1 quan sinh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, tuy\u1ebfn tham gia ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, sinh s\u1ea3n, ti\u1ebft s\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n